rfRXD0420/0920
3.3
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
FIGURE 3-14: LC DISCRIMINATOR
Figure 3-13 illustrates an example FSK application
circuit.
EXAMPLE CIRCUIT
3.3.1
IF FILTER CONSIDERATIONS
R1
4.7 k ?
As mentioned in the Section 3.1 above, IF filter band-
width selection is a function of:
C3
0-56 pF
? modulation (ASK, FSK or FM)
? signal bandwidth
? frequency and temperature tolerances of the
transmitter and receiver components
C1
1.0 pF
L1
3.3 μ H
C2
680 pF
The occupied bandwidth of binary FSK signals is 2
times the peak frequency deviation plus 2 times the
signal bandwidth. For example, if the data rate is 2400
bits per second Manchester encoded, the signal band-
width is 4800 baud or 1200 Hz, and if the peak
15
16
frequency deviation is 24 kHz, the minimum bandwidth
of the IF filter is:
IF BW min = (2 x 2400) + (2 x 24000)
IF BW min = 52800 Hz
Add to this value the frequency and temperature
tolerances of the transmitter and receiver components.
FSK signals are more sensitive to group delay varia-
tions of the IF filter. Therefore, a filter with a low group
3.3.2.2 Ceramic Discriminator
A no-tune solution can be constructed with a ceramic
discriminator. Figure 3-15 illustrates an example
ceramic discriminator circuit.
The ceramic discriminator acts as a parallel tuned
circuit at the IF frequency (for example, 10.7 MHz). The
parallel capacitor C3 tunes the ceramic resonator. The
high Q of this circuit enables higher output of the detec-
tor for small frequency deviations. However, smaller
delay variation should be used. As an alternative, a
frequency deviations
require better frequency
filter with wider than required bandwidth can be used
because the group delay variation in the center of the
bandpass will be relatively constant.
tolerances at the transmitter and receiver.
In order to detect wider deviation or off-frequency
signals, the detector bandwidth has to be increased.
3.3.2
FSK DETECTOR
This can be accomplished by reducing the Q of the
tuned circuit. One method is to parallel a resistor
The demodulator (DEMOD) section consists of a phase
detector (MIXER2) and amplifier creating a quadrature
detector (also known as a phase coincidence detector)
to demodulate the IF signal in FSK and FM modulation
applications. The in-phase signal comes directly from
the output of the IF limiting amplifier to MIXER2. The
quadrature signal is created by an external tuned circuit
from the output of the IF limiting amplifier (2IF OUT , Pin
15) AC-coupled to the MIXER2 DEM IN (Pin 16) input.
across the ceramic discriminator. A second is to
increase the value of the coupling capacitor C1
increasing the load on the detector. The result of
reducing the Q of the discriminator will be that the
detector output will be smaller.
FIGURE 3-15: CERAMIC DISCRIMINATOR
EXAMPLE CIRCUIT
3.3.2.1
LC Discriminator
F1
CERAMIC DISCRIMINATOR
The external tuned circuit can be constructed from
simple inductor-capacitor (LC) components. This type
circuit produces and excellent output. However, one of
the elements (L or C) must be tunable. Figure 3-14
illustrates an example LC discriminator circuit using a
tunable capacitor. A similar circuit with a tunable induc-
C1
1.0 pF
C3
10-12 pF
C2
680 pF
tor is also possible. Resistor R1 = 4.7 k ? reduces the
Q of the circuit so that frequency deviations of up to 75
kHz can be demodulated.
15
16
DS70090A-page 18
Preliminary
? 2003 Microchip Technology Inc.
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